The Cyberabad Bangali Association Durga Puja 2015
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DURGA PUJA COMMITTEE Bangiya Sanskritik Parishad Glasgow DURGA PUJA 2009 MESSAGE fROM ThE chAIRMAn Dear Friends, Welcome to Durga Puja 2009. We are very proud to celebrate the 29th year of Durga Puja. This five day event lets us rejoice in the ultimate story of good versus evil. Happy Durga Puja wishes and Navratri messages make a beautiful share on this auspicious occasion. Have these unique Durga Puja messages shared on this festival which is celebrated across India with high spirits. Enjoy the festivities with your loved ones and with these Happy Durga Puja wishes. In this post, we have come up with a collection of Happy Navratri wishes, Durga Puja messages for. Durga puja is done for five days: Shashthi, Saptami, Ashtami, Navami and Dashami. Sandhipuja is done between Ashtami and Navami. The mythological story behind the Durga Puja is that Durga, the goddess with ten hands, killed the demon Mahishashur. Mahishashur did years of penance to Brahma to become immortal. The Durga Puja, the greatest festival of Bengalee is celebrated every year in God’s own country.Trivandrum Bengalee Association (TBA) is colourful and charming because of its ever-youthfulness that manifests as grand celebrations like Durga Puja.
Durga Puja 2020 Durga Puja 2020 begins from October 22: Quick checklist on day-wise pujo chart! People immerse themselves in devotion, enjoy the fun and pandal-hopping remains a highlight beside many traditional rituals and practices strictly followed by Bengalis across the globe. JABA DURGA PUJA 2020. SPANDAN JABA SOUVENIR. @2020 JABA Jakarta Bengali Association. This site was designed with the.com. Website builder.
The Cyberabad Bangali Association Durga Puja 2015 – A Rainbow of Emotions
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The Cyberabad Bangali Association Durga Puja 2015 – Making of the Durga Idol
CBA Souvenir 2015
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The Cyberabad Bangali Association Durga Puja 2015 – Sponsors and Patrons
CBA Souvenir 2015
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The Cyberabad Bangali Association Durga Puja 2015 – Five Days of Devotion
CBA Souvenir 2015
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The Cyberabad Bangali Association Durga Puja 2015–A view of Bengali Culture
CBA Souvenir 2015
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The Cyberabad Bangali Association Durga Puja 2015 – Melange
CBA Souvenir 2015
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CBA Souvenir 2015 9
CBA Souvenir 2015 10
CBA Souvenir 2015 11
Happy New Year 2016!
The march of rejuvenated India continues with renewed optimism in business circles
and the international community but the journey has indeed just began as many key
structural reforms pending. I am mention some interesting initiatives like Swachha
Bharat, Smart Cities, Digital India, Make in India and the JAM Trinity worth exploring.
But why do I mention this? The success of these missions depend on citizens like us
who are largely related to the IT and ITES sector. Let us explore and contribute to the
best possible manner to make a difference to the society.
While we are all busy creating wealth, let us also pause for a moment and introspect
whether we are also doing our bit to maintain the heritage that we have borrowed
from our children. i.e. the environment. Let the Chennai Floods and Nepal
Earthquake remind us eternally on how miniscule we are in the overall scheme of
nature and control our greed.
2015 was another year of awesome support from our members, patrons and
sponsors and we bought festive colors and flavors to the most talked about Puja
Pandal in the Metropolis. It has been a long and memorable journey of Nine years
with you and we look forward to a decade of togetherness and celebrations this year
2016.
Please Take Care!
Surojeet Sengupta
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সম্পাদকীয়
নববর্ষের শুর্েচ্ছা
শারদীযা উৎসর্বর আগমর্ন শ্রী শ্রী দগূ াে পজূ ার আগমনীর পদধ্বননর সর্ে সর্ে ধনী
দনরদ্র ছ াট বড় সবাই আনর্ে উচ্ছল
দগূ ো মার্যর অঞ্জনলর ছশর্ষ সবাই পনবত্র হর্য যার্য। পনরর্শর্ষ পরস্পর ছ ালাকুনল র্র
সব শত্রুতা েু র্ল নগর্য বন্ধু হর্য যাই
আমার্দর এই শ্রী শ্রী দগূ াে আরাধনা স র্লর জীবর্নর এ নবনশষ্ট অে আসুন আমরা
সব পনরবার , স্বজন আর বন্ধু ননর্য পজূ ার টা নদন, নানা অনুষ্ঠার্ন, ছেলা ধলু া ,
নতৃ য নাটয ছযাগ নদর্য মার্যর পজু ার্য ছযাগদান নর
নমস্কার
স্বানত সবোনী গুহ
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Dear Friends,
The Cyberabad Bangali Association is once again poised for a Grand-Gala and
Stupendous Celebration of Sri Sri Durga Puja, this being the seventh year of our
glorious effort. Nowadays, a Bengalee’s life is no longer a bed of roses. in any
direction, we behold. We find pessimism and frustration accompanied with a long
pause and tranquility. The dream of economic regrowth has appeared as a bolt out
of the blue, that has sparkled and lightened around us, but has been reduced and
obliterated into peach gloom and darkness. Still in a Bengalee’s life, we experience
the buoyancy as soon as we observe and behold the victory of goodness, honesty,
godliness over the evils in the shape of Anandamayee , the Goddess Maa Durga ,who
vanquished Mahishasoor in the duel to free heaven from the evil clutches of demons.
In these days also, we do have a vision and dream and without any sort of inhibition
and hesitation, we throng the puja mandaps and go gaga during these auspicious
days. And as such, we regain our spirit and self-confidence to contribute our best to
the society and country.
I, hereby, heartily welcome with great pleasure and privilege our members, sponsors
and devotees, supporters and well-wishers into this celebration. The association has
grown from strength to strength in the past seven years with your splendid and
overwhelming support and good wishes and I can’t thank you enough for the same.
Ever since the venue got shifted to J.P.N. Nagar Community Hall from St. Martin’s
School premises, it has grown to a sizable magnitude to accommodate the increasing
need of a bigger participation.
Our sponsors have been generous as ever to support us. The Pandal, Cultural, blogs
and other organizing teams are determined to make it the best Durga Puja in
Hyderabad this year also like last year, as has been proven. I once again welcome you
all to be a part of CBA family and enjoy Sri Sri Durga Puja and other events with us.
May all our coveted dreams come true with the solemn blessings of Maa Durga.
With Love and Best Regards
S. N. Guha
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দা সাইবারাবাদ বাঙানল এর্সানসর্যশন সোপনতর আন্তনর অনেনেন আর
স ল সেয আর স ল পনরবার্রর সেযর্দর শুে ামনা জানাই
দগূ াে পজূ া অসতযর উপর সতয , অশুে উপর শুে , অন্ধ ার্রর উপর
আর্লার্ র আর অজ্ঞার্নর উপর জ্ঞার্নর নবজর্যর প্রনত
মা দগূ ো আমার্দর নযায, সতয আর জ্ঞার্নর পর্ে পনরচানলত রুন।
আসুন আমার্দর মর্ধয ভ্রাতা ছোধ ও ছপ্রম ছবাধ সঞ্চার রার জনয মা
স্বরুপার ার্ প্রােেনা নর
এই উত্সব আমার্দর সমার্জর নেনির্ মজবতু রু এবং সমস্ত
নবোজন আর নবনাশ ারী প্রোব ছের্ আমার্দর দরু ্র রােনু
নমস্কার
নশর্বন্দ্র নাে গুহ
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Durga Puja 2020 Kolkata
Dear Members and Patrons,
Thank you for the wholehearted support for a mega Durga Puja celebration. We witnessed the
largest number of visitors in this year’s Durga Puja which in itself is a testimony of the
popularity of The Cyberabad Bangali Association in the twin city. If you have noticed during
Durga Puja, “CBA Durga Puja” was the first search result in Google and Bing if you tried
searching anything related to Hyderabad Durga Puja. Continuing with the trend, we got good
coverage from leading Newspapers this year as well.
Unique Durga Pratima (Idol), specially designed pandal, tasty Bhog served for 5 days have
become the hallmark of CBA Durga Puja. Apart from these, special arrangement for serving
Bhog to Senior citizens has been the most satisfactory experience for the volunteers. The
blessings of our elders for this small gesture is invaluable to CBA.
We had cultural events from artists from Kolkata as well as our in-house talents which were
appreciated by all those present. There were multiple performances from children of various
age groups in different genres of song, dance, and drama. The Dandiya event on the last day
became a big hit this time with a huge gathering of interested people who waited for hours for
the event to start. It was heartening to get their positive feedback at the end of Dandiya event.
The Selfie contest during the Durga Puja got an overwhelming response which certainly kept
CBA members outside Hyderabad also experience the atmosphere through Social media like
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp.
Apart from Durga puja and Lakshmi puja, we also organized our Annual Picnic, Poila Boishakh
and Taranga. The picnic organized at a Farmhouse had an unprecedented number of members
joining in which is another encouragement to the organizing committee.
We have worked on the feedback received from members which certainly helped us make
improvements. Please reach out to any of our executive committee members through email or
phone if you have any suggestion or feedback and be rest assured that it will be acted upon.
I would like to thank the families of all our executive committee, advisory board members and
volunteers who work tirelessly for months to organize Durga puja which has scaled up many
folds in the last couple of years. Without the support and sacrifices of their families, organizing
such events would not have been possible.
Lastly I would like to reiterate that CBA is an inclusive association which welcomes all members
to come forward and join the core working committee. Do extend the invitation to likeminded
friends and associates who may be interested in being part of CBA family.
Thanks again and have a great year ahead, 16
Subhro Mukherjee,
Dear Friends,
Wish you all SUBHO VIJAYA and a very HAPPY DIWALI. Also, a very happy New Year 2016 to
all.
Another grand Durga Puja by CBA in 2015 and all my sincere thanks to our patrons, sponsors,
members and even non-members for their encouragement and support. From a humble
beginning only eight years ago, CBA is considered as one of the distinguished Bengali
associations in Hyderabad today. Particularly, CBA has gained a lot of popularity among the
Bengali IT population and keeping pace with them we have taken out CBA Puja App both in
Android and Windows version to keep our members updated during Puja days. Another
effort to bring smile for them :-) :-) :-) .
Like earlier years, We have celebrated Durga Puja 2015 at JPN Nagar community Hall,
performed Puja strictly as per Nirghanta. Our pandal was Grand, Idol awesome and Lighting
sparkling. Our cultural team organized many big events with a flavor of both folk and modern
culture with talents from Kolkata and local. Our Bhog committee made excellent food
arrangements for all five days.
Our sincere thanks to our sponsors and members who have extended their full support and
generously contributed for this Durga Puja. And special thanks to all the EC members who
have put tremendous effort to bring the sponsorship.
Accounting in CBA is disciplined, transparent, fair and in line with Govt. rules and regulations.
We have already got our 2014-15 accounts audited and successfully submitted the Income
Tax returns as applicably for such organizations. We will continue to uphold the status of The
Cyberabad Bangali Association title. We are proud of our financial transparency and invite all
our members to go through our audit report and accounts book.
We will continue to work like this in the coming days also and are happy to serve our
members and patrons in the form of various events and get together.
I would like to thank all EC members and advisory who have given me the opportunity to
serve the association as Treasurer for this year.
With best wishes,
Namoskar!!!
Kingsuk Kumar Roy
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The Cyberabad Bangali Association
President Executive Committee 2015-16
Vice President - Sri S.N. Guha
- Sri Dipak Chandra Das
General Secretary
Joint Secretary Sri Prabir Ranjan Paul
Treasurer - Sri Subhro Mukherjee
Joint Treasurer - Sri Sirsha Haldar
Cultural Secretary - Sri Kingsuk Kumar Roy
Joint Cultural Secretary - Sri Amit Ray
Sponsorship Secretary - Sri Tuneer Ghosh
Executive Member - Sri Debabrata Bala
- Sri Sayan Jana
- Sri Tapas Biswas, Sri Sabyasachi Sengupta, Smt Shabari
Mitra, Sri Shovan Saha, Sri Siddhartha Das, Sri Apurva
Mukherji , Sri Subhranshu Tripathi, Sri Susmit Sarkar ,
Sri Siddhartha Mukherjee , Sri Surojeet Sengupta,
Advisors - Sri A.K Hom, Sri Arya Roy Chowdhury, Sri Sumit Biswas, Sri Sunith Roy.,
Sri Kaushik Bhattacharya, Sri Asim Chakraborty,
Sharad Sambhaar 2015 Editorial Team
Mr. Surojeet Sengupta, Ms Swathi Sarbani Guha
Printed and Published by
Mr. Surojeet Sengupta on behalf of The Cyberabad Bangali Association
Cover page Design
Ms Reema Bose Sarkar
Disclaimer
The Cyberabad Bangali Association and the Editors of the Magazine Sharad Sambhaar
are not responsible for the content supplied by the various contributors to the Souvenir.
All logos and trademarks of various sponsors have been published with their
permission. All other logos and trademark used in the Souvenir are acknowledged.
Copyright Notice
“The Cyberabad Bangali Association” and the CBA logo are the property of The
Cyberabad Bangali Association which is registered with the AP registrar vide. no
863/13. Use of the Logo and the name without permission is prohibited. No part of the
souvenir Sharad Sambhaar 2015 be reprinted, published or used without permission of
The Cyberabad Bangali Association.
Contact Information:
Radha Kunj, Huda- B-3/12/33, Chandanagar, Hyderabad 500 050, A.P
Phone: 9949414295, 9849488212, www.cyberabadbengalis.com, [email protected]
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CBA Souvenir 2015 19
My Mental Hideout- A Travelogue
ShuddhaSattwa Das
The daily grind of professional and personal life had been taking its toll on my mental and physical
health for quite some time. Daily routine of waking up in the morning, rushing to workplace, facing
the ever fighting union leaders, long-hours of meeting et al, was alarming me that I needed a break.
Even my leave application to my expat boss contained that sentence, “I need a break”. I had sigh of
relief when the flight took off Hyderabad airstrip and suddenly the clear morning sky seemed so
inviting and refreshing. My journey to my mental hideout began.
The generosity of the Creator in presenting a combination of rich grassland, flora and fauna,
abundant waterholes has always made the Bandipur National Park an attraction for nature and
wild-life lovers. While travelling from Bangalore Airport to this rich creation of green hideout of
wilds, my imagination continuously prompted me to think about this temporary transition from a
comfortable city lifestyle to the undisturbed, rich lap of nature.
We were welcomed at the Jungle Lodges and Resorts by the smiling staffs and a sudden flash of
torrential rain. It is then when I got introduced to Mahadev, who, in broken English communicated
to me that he is going to be a call away during the stay there for service. After a quick lunch, it was
decided that we fast be ready for our first safari to the wilderness.
3:30 PM, but the sky was darker than usual and it seemed to be the onset of evening. A thin cover
of foggy cloud made the way towards the thickest a mystical one. When we stopped at the Forest
Check Post for necessary regulations, I was really impatient to enter fast into the wilderness by the
glimpse of a herd of spotted deer and monkeys on either side of the muddy road. Chilly winds,
occasional sprinkles of rain drops, made the journey a real “hu-hu” kind and the only sound which
started hitting the ears was that of mild murmurs of some unknown animals, chirpings of unseen
birds and the continuous roar of the Safari Jeep.
I will never forget how our vehicle got stuck in deep mud inside the jungle and we had to
wait there for about an hour silently inside the Jeep to be rescued by another forest
department vehicle, accompanied by the constant threat that the giant elephant, that was
inside the bamboo bush behind our way, could have changed its mood any time. During the
entire safari of around three hours, we could spot some Langurs, Indian Gaurs, Giant
Elephants, Black Rumped Flameback, Brahminy Sterling, Hoopoe, Indian Peacocks in
majestic colours, lots of spotted deer, with or without antlers and a fighting pair, too. On the
way back, I realized my mistake of not carrying a woolen with me.
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The Next morning 5.30 I suddenly realized that may be I will be late for the morning safari and
had to rush to catch the last safari vehicle. The early morning inside the forest was misty and the
drive through the forest was very refreshing. The sights of eventual herds of deer and elephants
remind, that its inside their habitat and absolute silence is a must. Red-Wattled Lapwings, Spot
Billed Ducks, a salt licking Sambar Deer, White Throated Kingfisher, Stripe Necked Mongoose, an
emerging family of wild elephants, and a majestic Serpent Eagle were among all occasional
wildlife which were worth capturing in memory and in the SLR.
Bandipur is one rare place, I would say, where, on a mountain top there is a 750 years old Krishna
Temple, Gopalaswamy Betta. Usually you find a Shiva temple in such a place!! The way to the
temple is restricted and open under strict supervision of forest staffers during the day. After
evening it is closed, even for the temple priests. The mountain top is windy and it is really difficult
to stand outside for longer duration. The pug-marks in the adjoining mud land, remind one of the
danger and beauty of the place. A glimpse of the blue mountain, Nilgiris, is such a refreshing sight
from the top.
I spotted a mother-child duo in the curvy walk way to the thickest. The way the mother was
nurturing the kid, and the complete dependence of the kid on its mother reminds one that all
mothers are same in their care for child, the way and content of care may differ, but the intent of
care is a common thread.
The evening safari on the second day brought some luck. The great spotting skill of the driver,
helped to spot a leopard atop a tree. It is perhaps a rare treat to spot a fully grown male leopard
on a tree. It appeared that the beast has just finished eating its kill and was enjoying the chilly
breeze while resting on the tree top. I realized at that time that I should switch to some more
efficient tele-photo lenses at the earliest!!
Whether I could spot a giant cat or not, the great part of this hide out is that one can find
tranquility, not disturbed by many phone calls (the network keeps on disappearing) and the
grandeur of wildlife will add sufficient value to it. It is a place to be experienced and nurtured in
mind, but not to be disturbed by the colonial human presence. The hangover of the original
beauty is must to continue and it’s a place not to be considered as just another vacation place.
It’s a mental hide out, an emotional den where one can slip into when the hustle bustle of life
becomes unbearable to tolerate any more.
I came back, after learning some more small steps to face this great world.
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CBA Souvenir 2015 22
CBA Souvenir 2015
The Best Sweet Shop of Hyderabad
Conveys Best Wishes to All!
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CBA Souvenir 2015 25
Ashtami Bhog Sponsored by
Trinabh Sarkar
Ashtami Bhog Sponsored by
Prabir Mukherjee
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With best compliments from
SRI SUDHA ENGINEERING WORKS
(Specialist in fabrication and Machining Works)
Shop No. 25-30, Opp: MRO Office: Mayuri Nagar,
R.C. Puram, Hyderabad, Dist: Medak,
Pin No. 502032, Telangana
Call: 08455-280361, 9848702493
CBA Souvenir 2015 27
CBA Souvenir 2015 28
CBA Souvenir 2015 29
CBA Souvenir 2015 30
Bastra
Samagri
Sponsored by
Rishima
Sengupta
CBA Souvenir 2015 31
CBA Souvenir 2015 32
The Cyberabad Bangali Association Durga Puja 2015 - Selfie Fever
CBA Souvenir 2015
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Glimpses from the Vedas
and its Related Scriptures
A K Hom
Introduction: A curious and chance exploration in the web for Vedas and its related scriptures revealed that we the many
commoners often have very vague or superfluous awareness of them, even at their very rudimentary level. In order to
gather certain first level understanding of them, an attempt was made by this writer to search for tit-bits of information
primarily to meet the “what it is”, “what for it is” type of queries from the vast science of spirituality of the Vedas and
Related Scriptures and then attempted to present with all humility those glimpses to the readers in a capsule form. For
certain related aspects, the Scientific outlook, exploratory information, evolution processes, significant impacts and
curious observations etc. were also covered which may be of interest to the readers. As it is, deeper and precise
understanding or explanations etc. of Vedas and related scriptures is beyond the capabilities of this writer as they being
so vast, deep and profound. Hence any mis-representations if inadvertently got crept-in, same may kindly be pardoned.
All critical information as gathered have been tagged with corresponding references / web- links etc. and they were
gratefully acknowledged in this paper.[ A good internet link will be helpful to appreciate few excellent contents for
certain direct audio and Video web-links provided below]
“Veda” literally means knowledge, and it was derived from the Sanskrit root word 'vid', from which
four meanings can be described as 'knowledge', 'existing', 'beneficial' and 'thought'1. Vedas contain
knowledge about both matter and spirit5. Vedas and the related scriptures are the earliest Hindu
scriptures of higher spiritual and philosophical knowledge with its universal views on humanity and
it also covers information even on cosmology, astrology, mathematics and other sciences etc.
It is said in Hindu mythology that Brahma the Creator, gave birth from his “buddhi” (higher intellect)
of son Angiras as one of his “manas-putras” (borne out of divine intellect). Angiras, the maharshi
meditated and due to this penance had visions (internal revelations from higher knowledge) of
many Vedic Mantras and is credited as being the source of great number of Vedic Hymns in four
vedas.
More than 182 Rishis9(like Angiras, Kanva, Vasishtha, Vishvamitra, Atri, Bhrgu. Kasyapa, Agasthya
etc.) composed hymns of Rigveda and more than 356 Rishsis and Rishikas (females - like, Apala
Atreyi, Ita Bhargava etc.) composed hymns in other vedas9. However, the wonderfully evolving
hymns were passed on from generations to generations by sophisticated practice of certain
mnemonic heuristics, so that many thousands of hymns were committed to memory in a
phonetically conservative ( “shruti” ) form in the language form of “Vedic Sanskrit”. Compilation in
written form gradually evolved during much later period after introduction of Panini’s (4th century
BCE) scientific theory of grammar and paving the way for development of current “classical
Sanskrit”2 which also happens to has its four principal dialects24.
Around thirty Sanskrit manuscripts of Rigveda at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune
were collected during the 19th century by Prof. Georg Bühler (Germany) along with other scholars,
and they were originated from different parts of India, including Kashmir, Gujarat, the then
Rajaputana, Central Provinces etc. Some Sanskrit manuscripts are also available at Univ. of
Pennsylvania (USA) CBA Souvenir 2015 34
After English Translations by western authors, the Vedas and related other scriptures got their wider
exposure to many scholars and researchers around the world on their wonderful and invaluable rich
contents. In 1845, Max Müller (the German Indologist) translated six volumes of Sanskrit editions of
Rig Veda, using manuscripts available in England. Ralph T.H.Griffith10 (the English
Indologist) translated all the four Vedic scriptures into English, published during 1889 to 1899.
There are four Vedas as “shruti” literatures –Chronologically, they are - Rigveda (Knowledge of
Recited Praise), Yajurveda ( Knowledge of Sacrifice or Sacrificial Texts and Formulas ), Shamveda (
Knowledge of Chanted Hymns) and Atharvaveda (Knowledge of Prayer, Charm, and Spells)25.
• Rig-Veda - It is the oldest Veda. The texts are in form of verses which are meant for the praise of
the deities of nature. It underlines the path of ‘Jnana’ (higher philosophical knowledge) and It contains
several mythological and poetical accounts of the origin of the world, hymns praising the gods, and
ancient prayers for life, prosperity etc. The Rig Veda mantras propound all the speech or all the ideas
and thoughts leading to all-sided perfection1.
The text is organized in 10 Chapters (Mandala) and divided into twenty-one sections. Each Mandala
consists of hymns called Sukta. The Suktas in turn consist of individual stanzas called “ṛik” (i.e. praise
or Mantras) which are further analysed into units of verse called “pada”. In all, Rig Veda comprises of
10552 mantras in 1028 hymns (Suktas). Tradition associates a Rishi (the composer) with
each “ṛik” of the Rigveda. Most Suktas are attributed to single composers.
• Yajur-Veda –It is derived from the Sanskrit root word ‘yaj’, to sacrifice or worship, to know.
Yajurveda, the second veda, is in prose form and it is a ritual Veda, a guide-book solely meant for the
purposes of sacrificial rituals. The Samhitâ, i.e. collection of its hymns, texts, and formulas,
constituting the hymn-book and prayer-book and owes its origin to the increasing multi-formity and
complication of the sacrificial rituals and to meet the requirements of the performers of various
essentially important rites and ceremonies25. Yajur Veda develops the human mind which is the source
of all actions1. It is divided into one hundred and nine sections & 2 sub-divisions – (1) Krishna Yajur -
Veda ( or Taittiriya) –the older collections consisting of hymns (4773 Mantras) and (2) Sukla Yajur -
Veda ( or Vajasaneya ) containing rhythmic Prose and Mantras (40 Chapters, about 1600 Mantras), is
a later revelation to Yajnavalkya, the sage and philosopher27.
• Sama-Veda- Sam Veda is the third veda and it is devoted to the adoration, praise and worship of
God, manifestations of his powers; and mode of worship for spiritual attainments. Its devotional
hymns engulfed with sublime thoughts, attained with emotional touch leave human mind and soul in
tranquillity and it emphasises the development of their mental and spiritual powers to their highest
order. Sama Veda makes us fully develop our life energies or prana for completely developing our
potential (1.1). It is having one thousand sections. It is shortest of all the four Vedas. It is closely
connected with the Rigveda.
• Atharva-Veda – “That by which all sorts of doubts and imperfections are removed; and expertise is
achieved, is Arthava Veda'. The Atharva Veda gives the methods of perfection of our body and senses
(1.2). Atharva veda deals with science, technology, applied social sciences and human behaviour,
including Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Astrology, Medical Sciences, Agriculture, Engineering,
Military Sciences, Sociology, Economics, Political Science etc, but excluding history. It is divided into
fifty sections. 35
• VEDA subject matters are divided into –
(1) Karma-Kanda - (Ritualistic Section) deals with various sacrifices and rituals
(2) Upasana-Kanda - (Worship Section) deals with various kinds of worship or meditation
(3) Jnana-Kanda - (Knowledge-Section) deals with the highest knowledge of Nirguna Brahman
• Veda consists of four parts 31 ( representing the four stages in a man's life ) .–
(1) Mantra-Samhita - (Karma-Kanda) – consists of hymns in praise of the Vedic God, comprising
prayers, hymns and incantations addressed to various deities, both subjective and objective.
[The terminology Samhita can be referred to any methodical collection of text or verses of
any sastra, sutra or Sanskrit Epic along with Vedic texts can be called a Samhita. It is not a particular
name of any specific Vedic text with collection of hymns.]
(2) Brahmana - (Karma-Kanda) or explanations of Mantras or rituals. They guide people to perform
sacrificial rites and explanations of the method of using the Mantras in the Yajna or the sacrifice. The
Brahmana portion is suitable for the householders. They are in prose form.
(3) Aranyak - (Upasana-Kanda) The Aranyakas were developed by the hermits, living in the forests.
Due to the limited resources in the forests, they could not perform the conventional and elaborate
sacrifices, neither could they adhere to the various rituals. It was then that the Aranyakas got evolved.
They are philosophical and spiritual interpretation of the rituals and ceremonials and reflect an explicit
transition in the philosophy of life of man where the speculative and intuitive thinking seems to be
developing. Meditative thinking is conspicuous.
(4) Upanishad - (Jnana-Kanda) - Most of the Upanishads are in forms of dialogues between a master
and a disciple. The term Upanishad is derived from ‘upa’ (near), ‘ni’ (down) and ‘s(h)ad’ (to sit), i.e.,
sitting down near (close to) a guru with an objective to acquire knowledge. The Upanishads are useful
for the Sannyasins.
With passage of times when the gradual decay of the priestly orthodoxy started, it resulted in the end
of the Vedic hegemony, shifting the focus of deeper religious life from external rites and sacrifices to
the pursuit of spiritual progress and living as ascetic hermits. Their speculations and philosophy were
compiled into texts called the Upanishads and they are the most important portion of the Vedas.
Rishi Aurobinda even writes as, “….The hymns (vedic) are, on the contrary, nothing more than the
naive superstitious fancies of untaught and materialistic barbarians concerned only with the most
external gains and enjoyments and ignorant of all but the most elementary moral notions or religious
aspirations… The true foundation or starting-point of the later religions and philosophies is the
Upanishads, which have then to be conceived as a revolt of philosophical and speculative minds against
the ritualistic materialism of the Vedas….” 3(pg-5)
36
Upanishads are a set of philosophical and instructive Vedic scriptures with commentaries on the Veda
and they reveal the most subtle and deep spiritual truths. They contain the essence or the knowledge
portion of the Vedas, the philosophy of which is sublime, profound, lofty, soul stirring and are with
universal outlook. They speak of the identity of the individual soul and the Supreme Soul and most
important questions of human existence have been elucidated.
The Upanishads deal with the disciplines of philosophical knowledge (jnana, the basic foundation
frame work of Hinduism)31, divine love (bhakti), action (karma), and yoga17.
One of the famous hyms from Br̥hadāraṇyakopaniṣad (1.3.28 )
Asatō mā sadgamaya / tamasō mā jyōtirgamaya From untruth lead us to Truth / From darkness lead us to
mr̥tyōrmā amr̥taṁ gamaya / Om śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ Light
From death lead us to Immortality / Om Peace, Peace,
Peace.
Upanishads have further Sakha’s, i.e. branches, [21(Rigveda),109(Samaveda),1000(Yajurveda) and 50 (
Atharvaveda ) respectively ]. Most important Upanishads are -
Rig-Vedic - Aitareya, Kaushitaki
Sam-Vedic - Chhandogya, Kena
Yajur-Vedic - Brihadaranyaka, Isa, Taittiriya, Katha, Svetasvatara, Maitri
Atharva-Vedic - Mundaka, Mandukya, Prashna
• Upa-Vedas – They are subsidiary Vedas , viz., -
(1) Ayurveda - science of health
(2) Dhanurveda - science of war
(3) Gandharva Veda - science of music
(4) Arthasastra - science on state craft, economic policy and military strategy.
(Kautilya’s Arthasastra book of the Maurya period covered all such aspects)
• Vedanta - Teaching, based on Upanishads is called Vedanta and it forms the very foundation of
Hinduism. All forms of Vedanta were drawn primarily from the Upanishads. Rishi Aurovinda
writes,”….between Veda and Vedanta, a distinction which might be expressed in the formula, “the
Veda for the priests, the Vedanta for the sages” 3
• Vedanga - Vedangas are the auxiliary to the four Vedas and essential for the correct interpretation
of the Vedas. /key-generator-for-windows-7-ultimate-64-bit.html. There are Six Angas or explanatory limbs to the Vedangas (1.4).
(1) Sikhsa and Vyakarana – of Panini – (knowledge of Phonetics, deals with pronunciation and accent)
(2) Pada-patha - gives each word its separate form. The Krama-patha connects the words
(3) Vyakarana - is the Sanskrit grammar
(4) Chhanda - of Pingalacharya - deals with the patterns of stress and intonation in a language.
(5) Nirukta - of Yaska- philology or etymology, i.e. study of language in written historical sources &
origin of words.
(6) Jyotisha - of Garga, Kalpa - Mathematics & Astronomy. (Srauta, Grihya, Dharma and Sulba -
belonging to the authorships of various Rishis).
37
• Purana – They are the classical books with ancient stories of Indian History, culture and civilisation
along with mythology of Hindu Religion of several sects and their incarnations with narrative stories
based on belief and affirmation of the religion. But certain gradual additions, alterations, and
distortions in the Puranas for hundreds of years, particularly under the influence of upheaval of
Buddhism and Jainism and then during the Islamic and Christian rules in India, certain irrational,
illogical, un-ethical, un-scientific, in-humanitarian and anti-vedic concepts like social discrimination
and several other superstitions have crept-in the Puranas(1.3).
The Puranas got evolved and got incrementally modified between 400 CE and even up to 1700 CE. (
the most recent, which were composed between 1000 C.E. and 1700 CE, are
the Kalika, Mahabhagavata, Naradiya, Saura27 and Kalki30 ). As economic criteria and materialistic
tendencies and greed began to catch hold of society gradually, these aspects also caught-up the
priest class (who had considerable influence on king / kingdom) and it led to increased ritualistic
formations of religious ceremonies.
Under various socio-political circumstances, people’s dependency on the priest class also increased
for their teaching of rituals and for obtaining the grace of God. The kings and the priests combined in
their efforts to keep the people under their grip and fold. The chroniclers like “Suta” or court
“charana” were engaged to reach-out to the people. Sages wrote down traditionally collected stories
which were very often with exaggerations and distortions while praising their patron kings and
religious versions were also got included and wished these books be considered on par with the old
religious scriptures28. But, eventually through the centuries till date, the impact of the Purans was
overwhelming and contributed for overall societal integration in India. There are 18 nos. of Maha -
Puranas and some significant of them are -
(1) Brahma Purana (Raja guna prevails)- Brahma , Brahmānda, Brahmavaivarta, Markendeya.
Bhavishya
(2) Vaishnava Purana (Sattvik guna prevails)- Vishnu, Bhgavata, Naradeya, Garuda, Padma, Vamana
(3) Shaiva Purana (Tama guna prevails )- Shiva, Linga, Skanda, Vayu, Agni, Kurma, Matsya
• Itihasa- i.e. the Epic age and is supposed to have been synchronous with period between the post
Rig Vedic and the period of Budhha (sixth century B.C.). They throw light on the social and political
life of the people of those times. Ramayana & Mahabharata (which also contains Bhagavad Gita) are
India’s largest epics.
• Shruti & Smriti Literatures - ‘Shruti’ means ‘to hear’ or as ‘revealed’ or ‘perceived’ by the sages as
inner realisation and as Divine Truths. In ancient times, while doing their Tapasya and sadhana, the
great sages got enlightened with the divine truths. The Vedas and the Upanishads are considered as
the “Shruti” literatures.
Rishi Aurovinda says 2(pg-11), ”In the Vedic idea of the revelation there is no suggestion of the
miraculous or the super natural Rishis who had previously made himself fit for the impersonal
knowledge and employed these faculties, had acquired them by a progressive self-culture”. Smriti is
as ‘remembered’. Smriti literatures are based on Shruti. Many Smriti and other Sastras constitute
“Smriti” literatures. The famous epics Ramayana and Mahabharata belong to Smriti literautres. Very
significant to note that while the Shruti literatures is veritable and inviolable, the ‘Smriti’ literarures
might have got modified under influence of time and space. They are the books of social, economic
and political laws composed by scholars from time to time as the need was. Amongst 250 nos. of
‘Smritis’ (known to have been mentioned in different texts), only some 57 are traceable now, the
most prominent ones being the Manu Smriti. 38
• Highly sophisticated method of learning and memorising - Extensively large volumes of early Vedic
Texts were transferred and preserved in memory through generations using very well defined
learning techniques through Shruti which ensured excellent preservation in memories of the students
(sishya) by practice of “mnemonic heuristics”32 . Mantras, or sacred sounds, were used to pierce
through sensual, mental and intellectual levels of existence (all lower strata of consciousness) for the
purpose of purification and spiritual enlightenment29. 'By sound vibration, one becomes liberated'
(Vedanta-sutra 4.22) 32.
Out of many practices like ‘Prakriti Paathas’4(pg-7), i.e. normal recitation technique, one of the
techniques was as per “Krama pāṭhaḥ”, a recitation learning system, in which the words of a hymn
were recited in pairs – 1, 2 / 2, 3 / 3, 4 / 4, 5 / 5, 6 / 6, 7/ /.... e.g. for a hymn -
īś̱ ā vā̱sya̍m iḏ aṁ sarva̱ṃ yat kiñca jaga̍tyā̱ṃ jaga̍t
1 23 4 56 7 8
While reciting, prompt repeat technique in pair was used - 1 + 2, 2 + 3, 3 + 4, 4 + 5, 5 + 6 …….
Additionally, Chandas (i.e. Meter, the unit of rhythm in poetry) e.g ‘Anustup’ etc. were used and
overall recitation process was regulated by number of syllables in the hymn, pronunciation methods
of specific vowels, regulation of breathing etc. and also along with certain specific movement patterns
of the hands, palms, fingers were used which were specific to help memorising best all the aspects of
the hymns. (Interested reader may like to listen to the electrifying recitation of Yajurveda from the
web link below – < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhDYVQ95GF8 >.
On 7thNov, 2003, UNESCO4.1 proclaimed the tradition of Vedic chant as a Master piece of the Oral
and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Veda Chanting by students- May note the
movement patterns of hands
• Brain Mapping in modern Research Laboratory -
The mantra in Sanskrit implies a specific structure of sonic patterns - coded in syllables and vowels
that works as an spiritual tool to liberate the mind from ignorance, illusion and evil instincts 29(para-2),
While listening to rhythmic chanting of Samveda hymns, its sound shows dynamically effecting of the
visual cortex area in the brain by lighting-up even with the subject’s eyes remained closed.(Interested
readers may like to view the video of the dynamic effects in the link: <
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DX11bBpuKlU >
• Dating of Vedic era – There are two views- (a) whether Vedic civilisation is purely an indigenous
development local to the north-western parts of ancient India prior to Indus Valley civilisation or, (b)
was it evolved by the migrating population influx of Aryans (Indo-European origin from Central Asia /
Caspian sea) i.e. during post Indus Valley civilisation era of Mahen-jo-Daro / Harappa (now in
Pakistan) during around 2500 BCE. to 1500 BCE. (dating of this civilisation is as per technique of radio
carbon by Indian archaeologists). Later Vedic texts were compiled in the upper Gangetic basin in
1000-500 BCE. These texts show that the Aryans during the later Vedic period shifted from the North-
West to the region of the Ganges and Yamuna.20 39
In the 1990s, scientific evidence, coming partly from satellite photos, geological study, archaeological
digs and other anthropological finds began to seriously discredit the old myth of theory of influx of
Aryans7(pg-5). Professor Schaffer at Case Western University writes in “Migration, Philology and South
Asian Archaeology” that there was an indigenous development of civilization in India going back to at
least 6000 BCE. Further, the Saraswati River described in the Rig Veda belongs to a date long before
3,000 BCE7(pg-16), i.e. before its drying-up from the region possibly due to a catastrophic tectonic event
leading eventually to a great shift in the population away from the Saraswati river valleys causing
complete civilisation decline, population shifts and disappearance of Indus Valley civilisation in the
areas of Mahen-jo-Daro & Harappa. Rishi Aurobinda wrote3(pg-26-para-2)- “The indications in the Veda on
which the theory of Aryan invasion is built, are very scanty in quantity and uncertain in their
significance”
• Concept of worshipping of God - Vedic scriptures mostly indicate worshipping of phenomena of
nature in the form of nature gods and out of many, important were - heroic god Indra, Agni, Surya,
Varuna, Soma, Yama, Vayu, Prithvi and Usha. People prayed by chanting of hymns and performance
of fire-offerings (yajna) for abundance of children, rain, cattle (also a wealth- RigVeda-1.19.1310 ), long
life and an after-life etc.11
But, the single God concept is also found as in Verse 10.129.7 of the Rig veda –
iyám vísṛṣṭiḥ yátaḥ ābabhūva 'He, the first origin of this creation,
yádi vā dadhé yádi vā ná whether he formed it all or did not,
yáḥ asya ádhyakṣaḥ paramé vyóman He who surveys it all from his highest heaven,
sáḥ aṅgá veda yádi vā ná véda he verily knows it, or perhaps even he does not '10
Such contradictions of God concepts might have crept-in because of gradual evolution of the scriptures
over long period of time and were contributed by different Rishis and sometimes with different
perceptions.
The central feature of religious concept was however on various sacrifice rituals along with worship
materials and with chanting of Hymns through fire-Offering -‘Homa’ (Yajna & Agnihotra ) and seeking
goodwill of the Gods which was felt necessary to the continually warring groups (tribes) and they
believed that the sacrifice made would grant boons from Gods for their welfare and win over enemies.
[Incidentally, many ancient people believed so, e.g., Aztecs of South- Americas sacrificed humans in
pyres12]. For various rituals and practices, very important roles were played by the priest class11.
• Idol worshipping - Idol worship did not exist during Vedic era. From Yajurveda Chapter 32, Verse 3 -
“na tasya pratima asti” i.e. “There is no image of Him”; It further says, “as He is unborn, He deserves
our worship”.
“na saṃdṛśe tiṣṭhati rūpam asya na “His form is not an object of vision; no one
cakṣuṣā paśyati kaścanainaṃ……”. beholds Him with the eyes…. “
Again, from Svetasvatara Upanishad Chapter-4, verse - 20.
• Transformation-As powerful priestly class gradually transformed the simple Vedic religion into a
complicated ritualistic religion of complicated hymns with sacrifices and filled with superstitions,
discontent among the masses gave rise to various religious approach from reformers like Bhagwan
Mahavira and Gautam Buddha, during 600 BCE and importantly that their faiths started having ever
increasing influences on vast population. Temples are said to have formed thereafter and idols were
evolved emulating Buddhist stupas (pillars)-[earliest late 400 BCE in India].
40
The God concept gradually lost their links with nature and human forms of Gods were conceived and
it took shapes of extraordinary human forms in the minds of the people. Thus the intellectual
conception of God was left with a handful of ascetics and philosophers. Images and their worship
also infiltrated into Aryan homes through their non-aryan wives.
The superior beauty of Vedic hymns, their language and poetry retained its hold while the God’s
images of stone or clay etc. were adopted because of their immediate and inescapable aesthetic
appeal and greater realism15(pg-10). Idol worship in India, according to historians, started during the
reign of Kanishka (127 CE to 151 CE) 14. The Bhagavad Gita says - Self-realization is more difficult for
those who fix their mind on the impersonal, unmanifest, and formless Absolute, because worship of
the unmanifest is difficult for ordinary human beings”16-(sloka-12.5)
• Certain Significant and Interesting Vedic Outlook, Rituals and Practices –
• Existence of egalitarian outlook on gender and Caste System – Sukla Yajur Veda ( Chapter- 26.2)
I declare this speech of the four Vedas, for all the people,
irrespective of their gender or status in the society,
so as to do good to them in this world and after.
• On Cremation -The Hindu rites of cremation are seen since the Rig vedic period. From Rig Veda-
Hymn-10.15.1410(pg-427) –
They who, consumed by fire or not cremated, joy in their offering in the midst of heaven,-
Grant them, O Sovran Lord, the world of spirits and their own body, as thy pleasure wills it.
They who, consumed by fire or not cremated, joy in their offering in the midst of heaven,-
Grant them, O Sovran Lord, the world of spirits and their own body, as thy pleasure wills it.
It is invoking of forefathers 'both cremated (agni dagdhá) and un-cremated (án-agni dagdha)'.
• Extensive reference of rituals with sacred drink “Soma” which played a significant role in Vedic
scripts.(Soma, was an energizing drink preparation from plant origin from Mount Mūjavant,
presumably located in Kashmir region and the active component in the juice being like certain
psychoactive drugs when used for their religious or spiritual effects and which could be Ephedrine,
containing active alkaloid compounds including pseudoephedrine which act as central nervous
system stimulants13.)
• System of slaying Ox existed during marriage function ( Ref.: Rig Veda-Hymn-10-85.sloka13 -on
Surya's Bridal 18 & 10.1(pg-464) & also in Atharva Veda- Book-14-Hymn-1-Sloka-13 ) the extract is as
below , while in Atharva Veda, different punishments were also described / envisaged for
slaughtering Brahmin’s cow –Ref.: Book-V-Hymn-18.1133 & Book-12-Hymn-5.38 33.
41
The bridal pomp of Surya, which Savitar started, moved along.
In Magha days are oxen (gāvo) slain, in Arjun’s they wed the bride.
• Taxation Policy during Vedic Period – In return of duties performed by the King ( like administration,
justice, extention of his territory, welfare of his subjects etc.), he received “Bali”, “Sulk” and “Bhag” as
Taxes. It was prescribed as 1/6th ( 16.66 %) for income derived from money lending, 1/10th ( 10%) for
sales of commodities within country and 1/20th ( 5%) for sales in foreign countries. 20
• Evolution of Scientific advances during Vedic era – Mathematics, Astronomy, Ayurveda and Yoga -
During Vedic era, certain far reaching scientific advances were propounded by the Rishis which made a
profound impact on advancement of scientific temper, environment preservation and on the welfare
of mental and physical health of all.
• Mathematics & Astronomy – Yajur-veda elaborates Number theory, cube roots, square roots,
algebra, geometry, analytical geometry, calculus, trigonometry, astronomy etc. In Baudhayana’s (800
BCE) Saruta Sutras, we find the relationship between the sides of a Right Triangle. [ which was unduly
attributed to as Pythagoras (570 BCE - 495 BCE) theorem ]
“Dirghasayaksanaya rajjuh parsvamani, triyadam mani / Cha yatprthagbhuta Kurutastadubhayan karoti”
“A Rope stretched along the length of the diagonal produces an area which the vertical and horizontal sides make together”
The above sloka is one of many types and methodologies used in construction of “Vedi” i.e. Fire
'sacrificial altar' during Vedic times26.
• Indian astronomy begins with Rishi Lagadha6 (1600 BCE) with his composition of Vedanga Jyotisha.
[ Indian astronomy further flourished with Aryabhata (476–550 CE), and later by Varahamihira (505–
587 CE) and Brahmagupta [ Rajasthan] (598– 670 CE) and Bhāskara [Maharashtra] (600 – 680 CE)
].The Vedic astronomers were able to observe and predict the movements of heavenly bodies with
very accurate timing, which was based on a detailed understanding of naked-eye observational
astronomy.
• Vedānga Jyotiṣa details several astronomical attributes generally applied for timing social and
religious events. Several important aspects of the time and seasons, including lunar months, solar
months, and their adjustment by a lunar leap month of Adhimāsa, Ritus (seasons) and Yugas ( era
within a four age cycle) were also described.
• Ayurveda - The earliest-recorded knowledge about Ayurveda is found in the Rigveda and
the Atharvaveda. The Atreya Samhita is perhaps the oldest medical book in the world. It survives from
Taksashila University (8th to 6th century BCE). The Atharvaveda lists eight divisions of Ayurveda,
viz.,internal medicine, surgery of head and neck, ophthalmology, surgery, toxicology, psychiatry,
paediatrics, gerontology or science of rejuvenation and the science of fertility.
• Charaka Samhita (probably dated 800 BCE) is an exhaustive work on medicine and are in the form of
Questions and Answers between the Rishis Atreya and Agnivesa. It contains 8 sections and 120
chapters covering the fields of physiology, aetiology and embryology.
42
• Susruta Samhita - At about 500 BCE-600 BCE in the University of Banaras, Susruta, a surgeon, who
developed the surgical techniques of rhinoplasty (plastic surgery), wrote the Susruta Samhita, which
describes highly developed systems of surgery. Susruta Samhita deals specially with the therapeutic
branch of Ayurveda. It contains 184 chapters with descriptions of 1,120 illnesses, 700 medicinal plants,
64 preparations from mineral sources and 57 preparations based on animal sources19.
[ Contemporary Medical Science developments - Egyptian Medicine is the oldest surviving medical text
of 1800 BCE, Babylonian-Diagnostic Handbook (1069-1046 BCE), Greek & Roman Medicine-Hippocratic
Corpus (460 - 370 BCE) ]
• Yoga - The word ‘yoga’ was first mentioned in the Rig Veda. Ayurveda also incorporates certain
principles of yoga within its folds and it also includes yoga or union as one of its therapeutic tools. Yoga
which makes for the union of mind, body and soul, is another naturopathic healing tool. First systematic
presentation of yoga was compiled by Patanjali ( during siege of town of Sāketā
[ the north-eastern Kashmir area ] in India by the Greeks ) in his Yoga Sutras (concise statement of
scientific principles) by taking materials about yoga from older traditions.
The picture in Seal shows the practice of yoga at the time of Indus valley civilisation
7(pg-22). It shows Picture of a person seated in yoga posture with Pipili Leaf, found in the
ancient city of Mohenjo-daro, As system of Yoga is already indicated in Vedic
scriptures, it can be considered that the Indus valley civilization was a post-Vedic era
civilization and they practiced yoga.
Further, the seals discovered so far (with 417 principal signs8) depicted in scripts were
of largely pictorial and many abstract signs which are still un-deciphered. It can be
considered that the certain script forms started evolving during Indus Valley
civilisation (as only ‘sruti’ was existing and no scripts in vedic era,). This logic also can
also conclude that Vedic civilisation existed prior to Indus valley civilisation.
Vedic Yoga begins with “mantras” and Bija (or Seed) Mantras and Suktas are part of these mantras. The
most common Bija mantra is “OM” (also spelled as AUM ) and most the common Sukta is “Gayatri
Mantra” 21.
Now, with wonder and deep reverence to the extraordinary creations and the vastness of Vedas, I
conclude here with grateful Acknowledgements to various authors and sources referenced
The Poetry of Creation 22
(Rig Veda -Hymn 10.129.6 )
Who really knows? Who will here proclaim it?
Whence was it produced? Whence is this creation?
The gods came afterwards, with the creation of this
universe.
Who then knows whence it has arisen?
Whence this creation has arisen
- perhaps it formed itself, or perhaps it did not -
the One who looks down on it, in the highest heaven,
only He knows or perhaps He does not know.
(Translation by Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty, Indologist)
43
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